Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to examine, diagnose, and treat problems inside a joint. It involves making small incisions (typically about the size of a keyhole) through which a fiber-optic camera (called an arthroscope) and other surgical instruments are inserted into the joint. The camera allows the surgeon to view the inside of the joint on a screen in real time, providing a clear view of damaged tissues, bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.

Arthroscopy is commonly performed on joints such as the knee, shoulder, elbow, ankle, and wrist.

Benefits of Arthroscopy:

• Minimally invasive: Small incisions mean less tissue damage, resulting in shorter recovery times and smaller scars.
• Diagnostic tool: It helps doctors identify the exact cause of joint pain or dysfunction.
• Treatment option: In addition to diagnosing joint issues, arthroscopy can be used to repair or remove damaged tissue, such as:
  • Meniscus tears (in the knee)
  • Rotator cuff tears (in the shoulder)
  • Ligament damage
  • Cartilage injuries
  • Synovitis (inflammation of the joint lining)

Common Procedures Performed via Arthroscopy:

1. Knee arthroscopy: Used to repair torn meniscus, remove damaged cartilage, or treat ligament injuries like an ACL tear.
2. Shoulder arthroscopy: Commonly performed to treat rotator cuff tears, shoulder impingement, or labrum injuries.
3. Ankle arthroscopy: Often used to treat arthritis, repair torn ligaments, or remove loose bodies within the joint.
4. Elbow arthroscopy: Can address elbow pain, remove scar tissue, or treat arthritis.

Recovery After Arthroscopy:

• Most patients can go home the same day, and recovery typically takes less time than traditional open surgery.
• The exact recovery time varies based on the procedure and joint, but many people can return to normal activities within a few weeks to a few months.

Risks of Arthroscopy:

Although arthroscopy is generally safe, it carries some risks, including:

• Infection
• Blood clots
• Nerve or blood vessel injury
• Joint stiffness
• Persistent pain

Overall, arthroscopy is a valuable tool for both diagnosing and treating joint problems with fewer complications and faster recovery compared to traditional open surgery.